TEMAS VISTOS EN INGLES
1001-2012

PRESENT PERFECT 

The perfect present is roughly equivalent to the Spanish preterite. We will see the differences in the section on applications. Overall, it's a mix between the present and the past. We use it for actions in the past that is important in the present.
 The Present Perfect is a compound tense; it is formed by conjugating the verb "to have" in the present tense and the past participle of a verb.

• JUST - Using just with present perfect:

Use: Use just to express actions that have happened RECENTLY. Just goes after the auxiliary have/has and before the past participle

- Maria has just finished her homework. (not so long ago)
- They have just come from the supermarket.
- It has just started raining.

• Already

Use: We use "already" to express actions that have finished before the actions was expected to finish ( una accion que acaba anticipadamente)

- I have already done my homework.
- Jorge has already watched "Transformers" the movie.
- They've already read that book

• Yet

Use: We use yet for negative sentences and questions. It is used for actions that you think has happened. It is used to express expectations. (es traducido como ya o aun)

- Have you eaten at "Friday's" yet? (you expect that the other person has already been to "Friday's")
- I haven't been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go there)
- Has Matilda been to New York yet?
- Have you studied for the test yet?
- Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet.

STRUCTURE POSITIVE

For example:

Present perfect   positive   (+)present of have  + past participle				negative (-)
	I	have	finished	my homework	I	haven't
	you	have	finished	your job	you	haven't
	he	has	started	a new job	he	hasn't
	she	has	landed	on the moon	she	hasn't
	it	has	been	terrible	it	hasn't
	we	have	sold	the house	we	haven't
	they	have	found	a baby!	they	haven't

Presente perfecto (positivo)haber en presente + pasado participio			(negativo)
	(yo)	he	terminado   mi tarea	(yo)	no he terminado
	(tu)	has	terminado   tu trabajo	(tu)	no has terminado
	(él)	ha	comenzado un trabajo nuevo	(él)
	(ella)	ha	aterrizado   en la luna	(ella)
		ha	sido      terrible
	(nos)	hemos	vendido    la casa	(nos)	etc
	(ellos)	han	encontrado    un bebé	(ellos)

STRUCTURE NEGATIVE

  STRUCTURE INTERROGATIVE

• JUST - Using just with present perfect:

Use: Use just to express actions that have happened RECENTLY. Just goes after the auxiliary have/has and before the past participle

- Maria has just finished her homework. (not so long ago)
- They have just come from the supermarket.
- It has just started raining.

• Already

Use: We use "already" to express actions that have finished before the actions was expected to finish ( una accion que acaba anticipadamente)

- I have already done my homework.
- Jorge has already watched "Transformers" the movie.
- They've already read that book

• Yet

Use: We use yet for negative sentences and questions. It is used for actions that you think has happened. It is used to express expectations. (es traducido como ya o aun)

- Have you eaten at "Friday's" yet? (you expect that the other person has already been to "Friday's")
- I haven't been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go there)
- Has Matilda been to New York yet?
- Have you studied for the test yet?
- Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet.

TAG QUESTIONS

Con las "question tags" en inglés terminamos las frases con una pregunta corta, de signo contrario, la cual se usa para pedir la opinión o buscar la aprobación del interlocutor. Equivalen en español a: ¿no es verdad?, ¿no?, ¿no es así?

I Am / I Am not / Are / Aren't / Is/ Isn't

Was / Wasn't / Were / Weren't

Do / Don't / Does / Doesn't
Did / Didn't

Have / Haven't / Has/Hasn't
Had / Hadn't

Will / Won't
Would / Wouldn't

Can / Can't
Could / Couldn't

May / Mightn't

Should / Shouldn't
Must / Mustn't

Passive voice and Active voice

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice") in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in English is formed periphrastically, with an auxiliary verb (usually be or get) plus a participle (usually the past participle) of a verb, usually a transitive verb.

The active voice is the "normal" voice In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb.

For example:

Tense		Subject	Verb	Object
Simple Present	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Simple Past	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active:	Rita	has written	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	has been written	by Rita.
Future I	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Hilfsverben	Active:	Rita	can write	a letter.
	Passive:	A letter	can be written	by Rita.